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cust-print.el
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1993-06-08
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;;; cust-print.el --- handles print-level and print-circle.
;; Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Daniel LaLiberte <liberte@cs.uiuc.edu>
;; Version: 1.0
;; Adapted-By: ESR
;; Keywords: extensions
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
;;; Commentary:
;; This package provides a general print handler for prin1 and princ
;; that supports print-level and print-circle, and by the way,
;; print-length since the standard routines are being replaced. Also,
;; to print custom types constructed from lists and vectors, use
;; custom-print-list and custom-print-vector. See the documentation
;; strings of these variables for more details.
;; If the results of your expressions contain circular references to
;; other parts of the same structure, the standard Emacs print
;; subroutines may fail to print with an untrappable error,
;; "Apparently circular structure being printed". If you only use cdr
;; circular lists (where cdrs of lists point back; what is the right
;; term here?), you can limit the length of printing with
;; print-length. But car circular lists and circular vectors generate
;; the above mentioned untrappable error in Emacs version 18. Version
;; 19 will support print-level, but it is often useful to get a better
;; print representation of circular structures; the print-circle
;; option may be used to print more concise representations.
;; There are two main ways to use this package. First, you may
;; replace prin1, princ, and some subroutines that use them by calling
;; install-custom-print-funcs so that any use of these functions in
;; lisp code will be affected. Second, you could call the custom
;; routines directly, thus only affecting the printing that requires
;; them.
;; Note that subroutines which call print subroutines directly will not
;; use the custom print functions. In particular, the evaluation
;; functions like eval-region call the print subroutines directly.
;; Therefore, evaluating (aref circ-list 0), which calls error
;; directly (because circ-list is not an array), will jump to the top
;; level instead of printing the circular list.
;; Obviously the right way to implement this custom-print facility
;; is in C. Please volunteer since I don't have the time or need.
;; Implementation design: we want to use the same list and vector
;; processing algorithm for all versions of prin1 and princ, since how
;; the processing is done depends on print-length, print-level, and
;; print-circle. For circle printing, a preprocessing step is
;; required before the final printing. Thanks to Jamie Zawinski
;; for motivation and algorithms.
;;=========================================================
;; export list:
;; print-level
;; print-circle
;; custom-print-list
;; custom-print-vector
;; add-custom-print-list
;; add-custom-print-vector
;; install-custom-print-funcs
;; uninstall-custom-print-funcs
;; custom-prin1
;; custom-princ
;; custom-prin1-to-string
;; custom-print
;; custom-format
;; custom-message
;; custom-error
;;; Code:
(provide 'custom-print)
;;(defvar print-length nil
;; "*Controls how many elements of a list, at each level, are printed.
;;This is defined by emacs.")
(defvar print-level nil
"*Controls how many levels deep a nested data object will print.
If nil, printing proceeds recursively and may lead to
max-lisp-eval-depth being exceeded or an untrappable error may occur:
`Apparently circular structure being printed.'
Also see `print-length' and `print-circle'.
If non-nil, components at levels equal to or greater than `print-level'
are printed simply as `#'. The object to be printed is at level 0,
and if the object is a list or vector, its top-level components are at
level 1.")
(defvar print-circle nil
"*Controls the printing of recursive structures.
If nil, printing proceeds recursively and may lead to
`max-lisp-eval-depth' being exceeded or an untrappable error may occur:
\"Apparently circular structure being printed.\" Also see
`print-length' and `print-level'.
If non-nil, shared substructures anywhere in the structure are printed
with `#N=' before the first occurrence (in the order of the print
representation) and `#N#' in place of each subsequent occurrence,
where N is a positive decimal integer.
Currently, there is no way to read this representation in Emacs.")
(defconst custom-print-list
nil
;; e.g. '((floatp . float-to-string))
"An alist for custom printing of lists.
Pairs are of the form (PRED . CONVERTER). If PREDICATE is true
for an object, then CONVERTER is called with the object and should
return a string to be printed with `princ'.
Also see `custom-print-vector'.")
(defconst custom-print-vector
nil
"An alist for custom printing of vectors.
Pairs are of the form (PRED . CONVERTER). If PREDICATE is true
for an object, then CONVERTER is called with the object and should
return a string to be printed with `princ'.
Also see `custom-print-list'.")
(defun add-custom-print-list (pred converter)
"Add a pair of PREDICATE and CONVERTER to `custom-print-list'.
Any pair that has the same PREDICATE is first removed."
(setq custom-print-list (cons (cons pred converter)
(delq (assq pred custom-print-list)
custom-print-list))))
;; e.g. (add-custom-print-list 'floatp 'float-to-string)
(defun add-custom-print-vector (pred converter)
"Add a pair of PREDICATE and CONVERTER to `custom-print-vector'.
Any pair that has the same PREDICATE is first removed."
(setq custom-print-vector (cons (cons pred converter)
(delq (assq pred custom-print-vector)
custom-print-vector))))
;;====================================================
;; Saving and restoring internal printing routines.
(defun cust-print-set-function-cell (symbol-pair)
(defalias (car symbol-pair)
(symbol-function (car (cdr symbol-pair)))))
(if (not (fboundp 'cust-print-internal-prin1))
(mapcar 'cust-print-set-function-cell
'((cust-print-internal-prin1 prin1)
(cust-print-internal-princ princ)
(cust-print-internal-print print)
(cust-print-internal-prin1-to-string prin1-to-string)
(cust-print-internal-format format)
(cust-print-internal-message message)
(cust-print-internal-error error))))
(defun install-custom-print-funcs ()
"Replace print functions with general, customizable, Lisp versions.
The internal subroutines are saved away, and you can reinstall them
by running `uninstall-custom-print-funcs'."
(interactive)
(mapcar 'cust-print-set-function-cell
'((prin1 custom-prin1)
(princ custom-princ)
(print custom-print)
(prin1-to-string custom-prin1-to-string)
(format custom-format)
(message custom-message)
(error custom-error)
)))
(defun uninstall-custom-print-funcs ()
"Reset print functions to their internal subroutines."
(interactive)
(mapcar 'cust-print-set-function-cell
'((prin1 cust-print-internal-prin1)
(princ cust-print-internal-princ)
(print cust-print-internal-print)
(prin1-to-string cust-print-internal-prin1-to-string)
(format cust-print-internal-format)
(message cust-print-internal-message)
(error cust-print-internal-error)
)))
;;===============================================================
;; Lisp replacements for prin1 and princ and for subrs that use prin1
;; (or princ) -- so far only the printing and formatting subrs.
(defun custom-prin1 (object &optional stream)
"Replacement for standard `prin1'.
Uses the appropriate printer depending on the values of `print-level'
and `print-circle' (which see).
Output the printed representation of OBJECT, any Lisp object.
Quoting characters are printed when needed to make output that `read'
can handle, whenever this is possible.
Output stream is STREAM, or value of `standard-output' (which see)."
(cust-print-top-level object stream 'cust-print-internal-prin1))
(defun custom-princ (object &optional stream)
"Same as `custom-prin1' except no quoting."
(cust-print-top-level object stream 'cust-print-internal-princ))
(defvar custom-prin1-chars)
(defun custom-prin1-to-string-func (c)
"Stream function for `custom-prin1-to-string'."
(setq custom-prin1-chars (cons c custom-prin1-chars)))
(defun custom-prin1-to-string (object)
"Replacement for standard `prin1-to-string'."
(let ((custom-prin1-chars nil))
(custom-prin1 object 'custom-prin1-to-string-func)
(concat (nreverse custom-prin1-chars))))
(defun custom-print (object &optional stream)
"Replacement for standard `print'."
(cust-print-internal-princ "\n")
(custom-prin1 object stream)
(cust-print-internal-princ "\n"))
(defun custom-format (fmt &rest args)
"Replacement for standard `format'.
Calls format after first making strings for list or vector args.
The format specification for such args should be `%s' in any case, so a
string argument will also work. The string is generated with
`custom-prin1-to-string', which quotes quotable characters."
(apply 'cust-print-internal-format fmt
(mapcar (function (lambda (arg)
(if (or (listp arg) (vectorp arg))
(custom-prin1-to-string arg)
arg)))
args)))
(defun custom-message (fmt &rest args)
"Replacement for standard `message' that works like `custom-format'."
;; It doesn't work to princ the result of custom-format
;; because the echo area requires special handling
;; to avoid duplicating the output. cust-print-internal-message does it right.
;; (cust-print-internal-princ (apply 'custom-format fmt args))
(apply 'cust-print-internal-message fmt
(mapcar (function (lambda (arg)
(if (or (listp arg) (vectorp arg))
(custom-prin1-to-string arg)
arg)))
args)))
(defun custom-error (fmt &rest args)
"Replacement for standard `error' that uses `custom-format'"
(signal 'error (list (apply 'custom-format fmt args))))
;;=========================================
;; Support for custom prin1 and princ
(defvar circle-table)
(defvar circle-tree)
(defvar circle-level)
(defun cust-print-top-level (object stream internal-printer)
"Set up for printing."
(let ((standard-output (or stream standard-output))
(circle-table (and print-circle (cust-print-preprocess-circle-tree object)))
(circle-level (or print-level -1))
)
(defalias 'cust-print-internal-printer internal-printer)
(defalias 'cust-print-low-level-prin
(cond
((or custom-print-list
custom-print-vector
print-level ; comment out for version 19
)
'cust-print-custom-object)
(circle-table
'cust-print-object)
(t 'cust-print-internal-printer)))
(defalias 'cust-print-prin (if circle-table 'cust-print-circular 'cust-print-low-level-prin))
(cust-print-prin object)
object))
;; Test object type and print accordingly.
(defun cust-print-object (object)
;; Could be called as either cust-print-low-level-prin or cust-print-prin.
(cond
((null object) (cust-print-internal-printer object))
((consp object) (cust-print-list object))
((vectorp object) (cust-print-vector object))
;; All other types, just print.
(t (cust-print-internal-printer object))))
;; Test object type and print accordingly.
(defun cust-print-custom-object (object)
;; Could be called as either cust-print-low-level-prin or cust-print-prin.
(cond
((null object) (cust-print-internal-printer object))
((consp object)
(or (and custom-print-list
(cust-print-custom-object1 object custom-print-list))
(cust-print-list object)))
((vectorp object)
(or (and custom-print-vector
(cust-print-custom-object1 object custom-print-vector))
(cust-print-vector object)))
;; All other types, just print.
(t (cust-print-internal-printer object))))
;; Helper for cust-print-custom-object.
;; Print the custom OBJECT using the custom type ALIST.
;; For the first predicate that matches the object, the corresponding
;; converter is evaluated with the object and the string that results is
;; printed with princ. Return nil if no predicate matches the object.
(defun cust-print-custom-object1 (object alist)
(while (and alist (not (funcall (car (car alist)) object)))
(setq alist (cdr alist)))
;; If alist is not null, then something matched.
(if alist
(cust-print-internal-princ
(funcall (cdr (car alist)) object) ; returns string
)))
(defun cust-print-circular (object)
"Printer for `prin1' and `princ' that handles circular structures.
If OBJECT appears multiply, and has not yet been printed,
prefix with label; if it has been printed, use `#N#' instead.
Otherwise, print normally."
(let ((tag (assq object circle-table)))
(if tag
(let ((id (cdr tag)))
(if (> id 0)
(progn
;; Already printed, so just print id.
(cust-print-internal-princ "#")
(cust-print-internal-princ id)
(cust-print-internal-princ "#"))
;; Not printed yet, so label with id and print object.
(setcdr tag (- id)) ; mark it as printed
(cust-print-internal-princ "#")
(cust-print-internal-princ (- id))
(cust-print-internal-princ "=")
(cust-print-low-level-prin object)
))
;; Not repeated in structure.
(cust-print-low-level-prin object))))
;;================================================
;; List and vector processing for print functions.
;; Print a list using print-length, print-level, and print-circle.
(defun cust-print-list (list)
(if (= circle-level 0)
(cust-print-internal-princ "#")
(let ((circle-level (1- circle-level)))
(cust-print-internal-princ "(")
(let ((length (or print-length 0)))
;; Print the first element always (even if length = 0).
(cust-print-prin (car list))
(setq list (cdr list))
(if list (cust-print-internal-princ " "))
(setq length (1- length))
;; Print the rest of the elements.
(while (and list (/= 0 length))
(if (and (listp list)
(not (assq list circle-table)))
(progn
(cust-print-prin (car list))
(setq list (cdr list)))
;; cdr is not a list, or it is in circle-table.
(cust-print-internal-princ ". ")
(cust-print-prin list)
(setq list nil))
(setq length (1- length))
(if list (cust-print-internal-princ " ")))
(if (and list (= length 0)) (cust-print-internal-princ "..."))
(cust-print-internal-princ ")"))))
list)
;; Print a vector according to print-length, print-level, and print-circle.
(defun cust-print-vector (vector)
(if (= circle-level 0)
(cust-print-internal-princ "#")
(let ((circle-level (1- circle-level))
(i 0)
(len (length vector)))
(cust-print-internal-princ "[")
(if print-length
(setq len (min print-length len)))
;; Print the elements
(while (< i len)
(cust-print-prin (aref vector i))
(setq i (1+ i))
(if (< i (length vector)) (cust-print-internal-princ " ")))
(if (< i (length vector)) (cust-print-internal-princ "..."))
(cust-print-internal-princ "]")
))
vector)
;;==================================
;; Circular structure preprocessing
(defun cust-print-preprocess-circle-tree (object)
;; Fill up the table.
(let (;; Table of tags for each object in an object to be printed.
;; A tag is of the form:
;; ( <object> <nil-t-or-id-number> )
;; The id-number is generated after the entire table has been computed.
;; During walk through, the real circle-table lives in the cdr so we
;; can use setcdr to add new elements instead of having to setq the
;; variable sometimes (poor man's locf).
(circle-table (list nil)))
(cust-print-walk-circle-tree object)
;; Reverse table so it is in the order that the objects will be printed.
;; This pass could be avoided if we always added to the end of the
;; table with setcdr in walk-circle-tree.
(setcdr circle-table (nreverse (cdr circle-table)))
;; Walk through the table, assigning id-numbers to those
;; objects which will be printed using #N= syntax. Delete those
;; objects which will be printed only once (to speed up assq later).
(let ((rest circle-table)
(id -1))
(while (cdr rest)
(let ((tag (car (cdr rest))))
(cond ((cdr tag)
(setcdr tag id)
(setq id (1- id))
(setq rest (cdr rest)))
;; Else delete this object.
(t (setcdr rest (cdr (cdr rest))))))
))
;; Drop the car.
(cdr circle-table)
))
(defun cust-print-walk-circle-tree (object)
(let (read-equivalent-p tag)
(while object
(setq read-equivalent-p (or (numberp object) (symbolp object))
tag (and (not read-equivalent-p)
(assq object (cdr circle-table))))
(cond (tag
;; Seen this object already, so note that.
(setcdr tag t))
((not read-equivalent-p)
;; Add a tag for this object.
(setcdr circle-table
(cons (list object)
(cdr circle-table)))))
(setq object
(cond
(tag ;; No need to descend since we have already.
nil)
((consp object)
;; Walk the car of the list recursively.
(cust-print-walk-circle-tree (car object))
;; But walk the cdr with the above while loop
;; to avoid problems with max-lisp-eval-depth.
;; And it should be faster than recursion.
(cdr object))
((vectorp object)
;; Walk the vector.
(let ((i (length object))
(j 0))
(while (< j i)
(cust-print-walk-circle-tree (aref object j))
(setq j (1+ j))))))))))
;;=======================================
;; Example.
;;;; Create some circular structures.
;;(setq circ-sym (let ((x (make-symbol "FOO"))) (list x x)))
;;(setq circ-list (list 'a 'b (vector 1 2 3 4) 'd 'e 'f))
;;(setcar (nthcdr 3 circ-list) circ-list)
;;(aset (nth 2 circ-list) 2 circ-list)
;;(setq dotted-circ-list (list 'a 'b 'c))
;;(setcdr (cdr (cdr dotted-circ-list)) dotted-circ-list)
;;(setq circ-vector (vector 1 2 3 4 (list 'a 'b 'c 'd) 6 7))
;;(aset circ-vector 5 (make-symbol "-gensym-"))
;;(setcar (cdr (aref circ-vector 4)) (aref circ-vector 5))
;;(install-custom-print-funcs)
;;;; (setq print-circle t)
;;(let ((print-circle t))
;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string circ-list) "#1=(a b [1 2 #1# 4] #1# e f)")
;; (error "circular object with array printing")))
;;(let ((print-circle t))
;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string dotted-circ-list) "#1=(a b c . #1#)")
;; (error "circular object with array printing")))
;;(let* ((print-circle t)
;; (x (list 'p 'q))
;; (y (list (list 'a 'b) x 'foo x)))
;; (setcdr (cdr (cdr (cdr y))) (cdr y))
;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string y) "((a b) . #1=(#2=(p q) foo #2# . #1#))"
;; )
;; (error "circular list example from CL manual")))
;;;; There's no special handling of uninterned symbols in custom-print.
;;(let ((print-circle nil))
;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string circ-sym) "(#:FOO #:FOO)")
;; (error "uninterned symbols in list")))
;;(let ((print-circle t))
;; (or (equal (prin1-to-string circ-sym) "(#1=FOO #1#)")
;; (error "circular uninterned symbols in list")))
;;(uninstall-custom-print-funcs)
;;; cust-print.el ends here